Cervical polyps are non-cancerous and found on the surface of the cervical canal. They can cause irregular menstrual bleeding and often show no symptoms. They are most common in women older than 20 who have had several pregnancies. They are rare in girls who have not started menstruating.
They can result from long-term (chronic) inflammation, an abnormal response to an increase in estrogen levels, or congestion of blood vessels in the cervical canal.
Treatment involves a simple outpatient procedure of removing the polyps from the cervical canal; prognosis is generally good and regrowth is uncommon. This can be done by gently twisting the polyp, tying it tightly at the base, or removing it with special forceps. A solution is applied to the base of the polyp to stop any bleeding.
Polyps do not need to be removed unless they bleed, are very large, or have an unusual appearance. About 1% of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change (abnormal proliferation of cells in a tissue or organ) which may lead to cancer.
Most of the time cervical polyps show no symptoms, but if symptoms do occur they can include intermenstrual bleeding, abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding, vaginal bleeding in post-menopausal women, bleeding after sex and thick white vaginal discharge.
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